COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness with higher mortality in older adults. This condition is spread person-to-person through close contact, and among policies employed to decrease transmission are the improvement of hygiene habits and physical distancing. Although social distancing has been recognized as the best way to prevent the transmission, there are concerns that it may promote increased depression symptoms risk and anxiety, mainly in older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to verify self-concept of social distancing in adults compared to (...) older adults. All participants, over 18 years and residents of São Paulo state, were invited to join this research study by a message application and answered an interdisciplinary questionnaire during the period from May 23 to June 23, 2020. The questions were divided into the following aspects: sociodemographic data, financial conditions, routine-related perception, perception of health, physical and emotional state, and eating habits. The younger adult group was composed of 139 participants, with a mean age of 43.15 years, and the older adult group was composed of 437 participants with a mean age of 67.59 years of both sex. Changes in routine during the period of social distance were reported by 95% of adults and 96.8% of older adults, but adults indicated more significant alterations in routine. Although there was no difference between groups for several aspects, adults revealed greater alterations in sleep quality, evacuation frequency, and more difficulty to perform daily activities at home. Further studies are necessary to follow up the impacts of social distancing among adults and older adults in different socioeconomic contexts to better understand the long-term alterations and the necessity of interventions. (shrink)

Pensar na discussão acerca das linguagens visuais e cultura é abrir um leque de possibilidades discursivas e vivenciais que circundam este campo do conhecimento humano. O nosso interesse aqui é mostrar a partir de relatos de ações desenvolvidas neste campo como provocações acerca do tema produziu diferentes resultados. Elencamos três experiências realizadas no campo das pesquisas com as Linguagens Visuais cujo resultado expressa essa diversidade de possibilidades de lidar com o tema. Os trabalhos de Manoel Santana, Robson Amorim e Ronaldo (...) da Paixão refletem isto e emolduram com seus exemplos um quadro de possibilidades, resultado das orientações ao longo desses mais de trinta anos de experiência com ações direcionadas à pesquisa e a aplicação vivenciada acerca das Linguagens Visuais no campo da cultura. (shrink)

While firms' engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility has been associated with positive performance impacts, little is known about the incorporation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda into business practices. Precisely, although the literature suggests that firms are pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there are limited insights on their strategy to implement them in the context of developing countries. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive large-scale investigation of 2030 Agenda adoption by Brazilian companies. Accordingly, the analysis of our (...) multicase study reveals (1) variations on the business opportunities brought by the SDGs depending on the firm position in the value chain, (2) which SDGs and target stakeholders are addressed through corporate policies and practices, (3) the different ways firms embrace the SDGs to pursue ambidexterity. Our findings clarify how firms in the developing countries interpret the institutional pressures and assemble their internal resources to respond to the SDGs challenges. Boundary conditions and policy implications are further discussed. (shrink)

The belief in miracle, as a modality of spiritual/religious coping strategy in the face of stress and psychic suffering, has been discussed in psychological literature with regard to its positive or negative role on the health and well-being of patients and family members. In contemporary times, where pseudo-conflicts between religion and science should have been long overcome, there is still some tendency of interpreting belief in miracle – as the possibility of a cure granted by divine intervention, modifying the normal (...) course of events in a bleak medical diagnosis – as having unhealthy impacts in the care and treatment of health. This position seeks to find a base in the three characteristics of hoping in a miracle, frequently pointed out by psychological literature: it would imply a negation of reality instead of its confrontation; it would be a coping strategy focused on emotion instead of the problem; it would imply seeking to modify the supposed desire of God by extra-natural facts. In this study, we shall critically discuss this position and the dangers of its crystallization by the use of SRC scales in which the act of praying for a miracle is previously classified as a negative strategy. We revisit some tendencies in psychological literature about the subject, taking into consideration the various facets of miracle, sociocultural facts, elements of idiographic nature, and their profound outcomes in the lives of people especially in health contexts. We illustrate the dangers of a hasty generalization of the results of nomothetic studies about the role of belief in miracle with two examples of research in the Brazilian context: one carried out with pregnant women with fetal malformation and the other with family members caring for children and adolescents with cancer under chemotherapeutic treatment. In both studies, the results do not confirm the predominance of the negative aspects associated with the act of praying for a miracle, which we discuss and analyze in light of the phenomenological perspective. In this perspective, “pray for a miracle”, as experienced by patients and caregivers, can be recognized as an act of openness to life, bolstering hope, and the resignification of reality in the psyche. (shrink)

Este artigo se dispõe a examinar um fenômeno social construído ao longo de séculos não só na sociedade brasileira, mas no mundo inteiro que culmina na definição de uma estética oprimida, excluída e invisibilizada: a estética da exclusão. Essa expressão vai sendo edificada ao longo dos anos através de práticas escravistas, segregadoras, classistas e “aporofóbicas” que se desdobram também em outras fobias à grupos economicamente vulneráveis e naturalmente subalternizados. Este trabalho recorre a alguns recortes da história do Brasil, autores do (...) pensamento social brasileiro e questões atuais que evidenciam a discrepância, ainda, estimulada por diferenciações estéticas que interferem de forma arbitrária, naturalizando tais práticas e aumentando a distância entre os que serão excluídos pela sua estética. (shrink)

Cancer research is experiencing ‘paradigm instability’, since there are two rival theories of carcinogenesis which confront themselves, namely the somatic mutation theory and the tissue organization field theory. Despite this theoretical uncertainty, a huge quantity of data is available thanks to the improvement of genome sequencing techniques. Some authors think that the development of new statistical tools will be able to overcome the lack of a shared theoretical perspective on cancer by amalgamating as many data as possible. We think instead (...) that a deeper understanding of cancer can be achieved by means of more theoretical work, rather than by merely accumulating more data. To support our thesis, we introduce the analytic view of theory development, which rests on the concept of plausibility, and make clear in what sense plausibility and probability are distinct concepts. Then, the concept of plausibility is used to point out the ineliminable role played by the epistemic subject in the development of statistical tools and in the process of theory assessment. We then move to address a central issue in cancer research, namely the relevance of computational tools developed by bioinformaticists to detect driver mutations in the debate between the two main rival theories of carcinogenesis. Finally, we briefly extend our considerations on the role that plausibility plays in evidence amalgamation from cancer research to the more general issue of the divergences between frequentists and Bayesians in the philosophy of medicine and statistics. We argue that taking into account plausibility-based considerations can lead to clarify some epistemological shortcomings that afflict both these perspectives. (shrink)

We present a functional interpretation of Peano arithmetic that uses Gödel’s computable functionals and which systematically injects uniformities into the statements of finite-type arithmetic. As a consequence, some uniform boundedness principles are interpreted while maintaining unmoved the -sentences of arithmetic. We explain why this interpretation is tailored to yield conservation results.

The concept of ethical preparedness (EP), defined as a set of practices in genomic medicine aimed not only at efficiently managing sensitive issues in the laboratory but also at ensuring adherence to ethical principles,1 has potential benefits for clinical laboratory scientists, contingent on three key conditions. First, fostering cooperation and mutual support between commercial and non-commercial laboratories in cases involving moral dilemmas or the uncertain nature of variants identified in the laboratory is crucial for establishing the best practices in genomic (...) medicine. Medical codes emphasise regulations aimed at maintaining the authority of colleagues and avoiding patient and family misunderstandings, as well as promoting a culture of mutual trust and support within the medical profession.2 Such practices among laboratories would benefit both patients/clients and scientists. The important thing is to recognise that while laboratory results may possess prospective value for future generations, genomic medicine addresses the clinical needs …. (shrink)

In this article we study applications of the bounded functional interpretation to theories of feasible arithmetic and analysis. The main results show that the novel interpretation is sound for considerable generalizations of weak König’s Lemma, even in the presence of very weak induction. Moreover, when this is combined with Cook and Urquhart’s variant of the functional interpretation, one obtains effective versions of conservation results regarding weak König’s Lemma which have been so far only obtained non-constructively.

Uma palavra universal, existente desde a primeira forma de conscientização do homem, amor. Palavra que poeticamente, se disser que é tão antiga quanto se faz nova. A grande questão abordada sobre o amor, é se sua essência como expressão do que é, nas relações humanas e na relação com a vida, ainda possui o seu conceito original ou se perdeu ao longo dos anos? O amor de Deus não muda e perpassa a história., mesmo que no período presente, a palavra (...) amor se perde num chamado modo de viver líquido. Assim, verificará que o amor não está em crise, o Amor de Deus não é o problema, mas como relacionar um amor sólido e permanente, numa sociedade líquida e inconstante? São esses os questionamentos que este artigo deseja enfrentar. (shrink)

Filosofia na sociedade atual, apontando para os limites e possibilidades daprópria Filosofia. Procura-se determinar, ainda, as possíveis contribuições daFilosofia para a Educação e de que forma repercute no ensino e aprendizadoda mesma a morte do desejo de filosofar. Conclui-se, procurando estabelecerquais as exigências que se colocariam à própria Filosofia para que seu ensinonão se degenere em mera erudição e repetição idiotizante de conceitos, frasesfeitas e sistemas.Réflexion sur les conditions constitutives du désir de philosopher et le décès dela philosophie dans la (...) société actuelle, en indiquant pour les limites et lespossibilités de la Philosophie elle-même. Il se cherche à déterminer, encore, lespossibles contributions de la philosophie pour l'Éducation et de qu'il forme ilréverbère dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage du le même le décès du désirde philosophie. Il se conclut, en cherchant à établir lequel les exigences qui seplaceraient à la philosophie elle-même pour qui son enseignement ne sedégénère pas dans simple répétition idiot de concepts, phrases faites etsystèmes. (shrink)

Hoje, chega ainda até mim a pergunta que Merleau-Ponty, em 1935, na École Normale Supérieure, fazia insistentemente a Desanti - 'Que é que tu te propões esclarecer com isso?' Como se a pergunta me fosse dirigida, tenho a impressão de responder que, nesta dissertação, pretendo tão só um pouco de luz sobre o mistério da morte. Tal como a percepção é um mistério, e cada um de nós vive no mundo no interior da fé perceptiva, assim o mistério da vida, (...) que nos permite a existência, envolve a si a esperança de que a morte seja aparência da dimensão do visível. (shrink)

This chapter discusses different views on religion and ethics from the viewpoint of Emmanuel Levinas and Søren Kierkegaard, and their insightful comparisons and contrasts to the viewpoints of Merold Westphal. It presents the qualifications that can be made for such comparison, first with Kierkegaard, then to Levinas. It argues that if Kierkegaard's view is that “God always stands between me and my neighbor”, it is then related to the view of Levinas, that is “the neighbor always stands between me and (...) God”. The only difference is that for Levinas, ethics comes first before religion. (shrink)

O presente estudo se propõe a discutir a relação entre a identidade política coletiva (populista) e a crise de representatividade das instituições de poder que consiste no paradoxo do poder constituinte, em sua estrutura conceitual, inspirada nas leituras de Jacques Rancière (1940) e Chantal Mouffe (1943).

Differences in Common engages in the ongoing debate on ‘community’ focusing on its philosophical and political aspects through a gendered perspective. It explores the subversive and enriching potential of the concept of community, as seen from the perspective of heterogeneity and distance, and not from homogeneity and fused adhesions. This theoretical reflection is, in most of the essays included here, based on the analysis of literary and filmic texts, which, due to their irreducible singularity, teach us to think without being (...) tied, or needing to resort, to commonplaces. Philosophers such as Arendt, Blanchot, Foucault, Agamben or Derrida have made seminal reflections on community, often inspired by contemporary historical events and sometimes questioning the term itself. More recently, thinkers like Judith Butler, Gayatri Spivak or Rada Ivekovic—included in this volume are essays by all three—have emphasized the gender bias in the debate, also problematizing the notion of community. Most of the essays gathered in Differences in Common conceive community not as the affirmation of several properties which would unite us to other similar individuals, but as the “expropriation” of ourselves (Esposito), in an intimate diaspora. Community does not fill the gap between subjects but places itself in this gap or void. This conception stresses the subject’s vulnerability, a topic which is also central to this volume. The body of community is thus opened by a “wound” (Cixous) which exposes us to the contagion of otherness. The essays collected here reflect on different topics related to these issues, such as: gender and nation; nationalism, internationalism, transnationalism; nationalism’s naturalization of citizenship and the exclusion of women from citizenship; the violent consequences of a gendered nation on women’s bodies; gendering community; preservation of difference(s) within the community; bodily vulnerability and new politics; community and mourning; community and the politics of memory; fiction, historical truth and (fake) documentary; love, relationality and community; interpretive communities and virtual communities on the Web, among others. Joana Sabadell-Nieto is Professor of Contemporary Spanish Literature (Gender and Feminist Studies) at Hamilton College (USA) and Researcher at the Center for Women and Literature at the University of Barcelona. Marta Segarra is Professor of French and Francophone literature and Gender Studies at the University of Barcelona (Spain), Director of the UNESCO Chair Women, Development and Cultures and co-founder and director of the Center for Women and Literature (2003-2012). (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo questionar se a tutoria, metodologia específica do Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI), vigente em boa parte das unidades escolares do Estado de São Paulo, é um instrumento potencial para desenvolver a educação integral do estudante e, com isso, constituir um projeto de vida mais consciente e cujos valores apontem à dimensão ética. Para tanto, após uma breve contextualização do que seja a Educação Integral, a Pedagogia da Presença e a Tutoria, apresenta-se um estudo em (...) uma escola tradicional do PEI, que foi realizado a fim de confrontar as respostas de professores e estudantes a formulários, que objetivavam averiguar o método e os efeitos da tutoria naquele ambiente. (shrink)

O artigo tem por objetivo aprofundar uma abordagem da noção de soberania, segundo análise de obras de Maquiavel estabelecida por Antonio Negri. O autor defende que a soberania para Maquiavel corresponde à sobredeterminação da ação do governante -seja no principado, seja na república- em face das limitações e oposições impostas pelos adversários e pela própria fortuna. Buscamos, assim, entender as características dessa acepção de soberania uma vez que o conceito é definido com exatidão por Jean Bodin, quase meio século após (...) a publicação dos textos maquiavelismos. Para observar essa abordagem, digamos, heterodoxa, da soberania será preciso nos concentraremos na sua tese da relação entre ontologia política e movimento. Para Negri, o movimento é o princípio definidor da política e na obra de Maquiavel se encontra uma concepção de ontologia política produzida e pensada da própria ação do governante no tempo e da qual o movimento é constitutivo e indiscernível. Observaremos como se desenvolve a análise do conflito no caso de cidades como Roma e Florença. Como conclusão pretendemos observar que limites a interpretação das Istorie Fiorentine apresenta à tese negriana da soberania democrática em Maquiavel. (shrink)

Para que um livro chegue às mãos de seus leitores, há uma série de processos e procedimentos editoriais, que se iniciam na escrita, passam pela revisão, diagramação, impressão e distribuição dos exemplares. Esses processos são os mesmos, guardadas as diferenças de escala, para todos os livros, incluindo os best-sellers como S., obra de J. J. Abrams e Doug Dorst, objeto de nosso estudo. Nestes breves parágrafos, pretendemos descrever a campanha de marketing liderada pela editora Intrínseca, analisando o caminho traçado para (...) o lançamento da obra no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, a fim de que o livro figurasse nas listas dos mais vendidos da editora nesses países. Para isso, fazemos uso do método midiológico, recuperando seus vestígios de circulação à época de seu lançamento para compor as considerações de análise.Palavras-chave:Mediação editorial. Humanidades digitais. Objetos editoriais. Literatura contemporânea. Indústrias criativas. (shrink)

We argue that we should be sceptical towards the claim that there is such a thing as the standing to blame someone privately, understood in terms of holding the attitude of blame. Key features of the idea about standing to blame do not apply to private blame. For example, we argue that private blame is not the exercise of some normative power, and it is not even pro tanto wrong for a hypocrite to privately blame a blameworthy agent. Thus, contrary (...) to the prevailing sentiment, it is doubtful that there are conditions of standing for private blame. Importantly, our conclusions leave the idea of standing to blame intact when it comes to overt blame, which is understood as something voluntary. (shrink)

During the last few decades, the historical turn within the tradition of the analytic tradition has experienced growing enthusiasm concerning the procedure of rational reconstruction, whose validity or importance, despite its paradigmatic examples in Frege and Russell, has not always enjoyed a consensus. Among the analytic philosophers who are the frontrunners of this movement, Robert Brandom is one of a kind: his work on Hegel as well as on German Idealism has been increasing interest in, as well as awareness of, (...) Hegel´s possible contributions to some current problems in that tradition, and connecting Hegel scholars to current questions. Thus, this work aims to explore Brandom´s methodology of rational reconstruction, as well as his dialogue with history of Philosophy, mainly exposed in his Tales of the mighty dead (2002). As we will see, Brandom´s distinction between a de dicto and a de re approach intends to present a way of identifying and analyzing a given philosopher´s theoretical (hidden) commitments that can be useful to improve the quality of the dialogue with past philosophers. From such methodological exposition, I to turn to Kierkegaard in order to make explicit some of his ontological commitments and presenting Brandom’s approach as a valuable tool for doing history of philosophy. (shrink)

In his treatise Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik, Gottlob Frege tries to find a definition of number. First he rejects the idea that number could be a property of external objects. Then he comes with a suggestion that a numerical statement expresses a property of a concept, namely it indicates how many objects fall under the concept. Subsequently Frege rejects, or at least essentially modifies, also this definition, because in his view that a number cannot be a property – it should (...) be an object. In this article, I try to show that Frege’s first definition of number seems to be, despite his own opinion, much more promising than he supposed. I also argue that Frege’s argumentation against the empirical character of number is by no means convincing. (shrink)

Neste artigo, pretendemos defender a tese segundo a qual julgamentos sociais se iniciam com a percepção emocional e com o processamento de informações emocionais no reconhecimento de expressões faciais. Para tanto, revisaremos modelos que discutem (i) os mecanismos pelos quais as expressões faciais são codificadas para transmitir informações e ser percebidas pelos outros, (ii) os mecanismos perceptivos de decodificação e categorização de expressões faciais e, por fim, (iii) os mecanismos pelos quais o reconhecimento de expressões faciais geram respostas emocionais e (...) ajustes comportamentais e, por fim, (iv) a eficiência de nosso sistema perceptual na decodificação desses processos. Com essa discussão, nossa intenção é a de (i) explicitar em que sentido nossa percepção emocional de expressões faciais é u m dos principais mecanismos evolutivos de regulação da vida e que (ii) o processamento de informações emocionais é um poderoso instrumento para assegurar a sobrevivência e sustentar razoáveis interações sociais. (shrink)

We investigate expressiveness and definability issues with respect to minimal models, particularly in the scope of Circumscription. First, we give a proof of the failure of the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem for Circumscription. Then we show that, if the class of P; Z-minimal models of a first-order sentence is Δ-elementary, then it is elementary. That is, whenever the circumscription of a first-order sentence is equivalent to a first-order theory, then it is equivalent to a finitely axiomatizable one. This means that classes of (...) models of circumscribed theories are either elementary or not Δ-elementary. Finally, using the previous result, we prove that, whenever a relation Pi is defined in the class of P; Z-minimal models of a first-order sentence Φ and whenever such class of P; Z-minimal models is Δ-elementary, then there is an explicit definition ψ for Pi such that the class of P; Z-minimal models of Φ is the class of models of Φ ∧ ψ. In order words, the circumscription of P in Φ with Z varied can be replaced by Φ plus this explicit definition ψ for Pi. (shrink)